“公正的观察者”是罗尔斯在《正义论》中用来和原初地位设置进行比较的古典功利主义道德思维立场,罗尔斯指出了功利主义在道德思维立场上面临的利己和利他之间的困境。通过分析可以发现,罗尔斯的原初地位实际上内在地包含了“公正的观察者”的核心特征,同时在普遍化思维立场的设置上超越了功利主义在利己和利他之间的困境。正是基于这一点,原初地位也解决了康德在道德思维立场上面临的利己主义的指责。 “Fair Observer ” is Rawls’s moral position of the classical utilitarianism used in “Justice Theory” to compare with the original status setting. Rawls points out the self-interest that utilitarianism faces in the moral thinking position Altruistic plight. Through the analysis we can see that Rawls’s original position actually contains the core features of “fair observer ” and at the same time transcends the predicament of utilitarianism between self-interest and altruism in the setting of generalized thinking position . It is for this reason that the original position also solved KT’s accusation of egoism in the moral thinking.