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18世纪伦敦的慈善事业非常繁荣。在不同阶段,慈善的角色和功能也相应变化。从18世纪前期到后期,慈善目标经历了从侧重人口增殖到强调道德教化的转变。慈善活动的重心转移同国内外局势、经济理论和主流价值观念的变化密切相关。文章考察慈善变革与经济社会发展的动态关系,观念变迁如何推动组织革新及其原因,探究城市社会精英投身慈善,将缓解贫困问题与为国效力和解决时弊结合起来,以期塑造理想的国家与城市的努力。
The charity of London in the 18th century was very prosperous. At different stages, the roles and functions of charities also change accordingly. From the early to late 18th century, charity goals have undergone a shift from focusing on population growth to emphasizing moral education. The shift in the focus of charitable activities is closely linked with changes in the domestic and international situations, economic theory and mainstream values. This article examines the dynamic relationship between charitable change and economic and social development, how the concept change promotes organizational innovation and its causes, and explores the engagement of urban social elites in charitable activities. It combines poverty alleviation with the effectiveness of the state and the solution of the current problems to create an ideal country and city s hard work.