食管小细胞神经内分泌癌是一种少见的食管高度恶性肿瘤,发生率仅为食管癌的0.05%～7.6%[1],是最为常见的肺外小细胞癌。其临床表现和病理学特征与肺的小细胞癌相似,大体表现与食管的鳞状细胞癌相同。本文通过对5例食管原发性小细胞神经内分泌癌进行临床病理分析,并复习文献,以期对该肿瘤进一步认识。 Esophageal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare high esophageal cancer, the incidence of esophageal cancer is only 0.05% to 7.6% [1], is the most common extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma. Its clinical manifestations and pathological features are similar to those of small cell lung cancer and are generally the same as those of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In this paper, 5 cases of esophageal primary small cell neuroendocrine cancer clinicopathological analysis, and review the literature, in order to further understanding of the tumor.