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目的分析2008-2012年深圳某街道使用三氯乙烯企业的基本信息、监测及健康监护资料,为预防三氯乙烯的职业危害提供科学的参考依据。方法整理该单位使用三氯乙烯企业的职业卫生档案,收集其中的三氯乙烯监测及相关人员健康监护资料,利用Excel表进行汇总和统计分析。结果该街道2008-2012年使用三氯乙烯的企业集中在电子和五金电镀行业,且以电子企业为多,占73.77%;使用企业呈逐年减少的趋势,由53家下降到18家;企业设置三氯乙烯独立操作间的情况不理想,最高只有72.22%,存在较大的三氯乙烯中毒风险;监测合格率逐年上升,已达89.47%;2008-2012年使用三氯乙烯的企业共有453人进行职业健康检查,共发现禁忌证28例,疑似病人5例,禁忌证及疑似病人均已调离接触三氯乙烯岗位;2008-2012年该街道发生的三氯乙烯职业中毒均为药疹样皮炎。结论该街道使用三氯乙烯主要是电子和五金电镀行业,企业作为清洗剂用于产品的清洗、去污,应加强对企业的监管和宣传培训,督促企业定期监测和组织工人体检,彻底整改通风防护设施,及时发现、调离三氯乙烯职业禁忌证或疑似病人,以防三氯乙烯损害劳动者的身体健康。
Objective To analyze the basic information, monitoring and health monitoring data of trichlorethylene enterprises in a certain street in Shenzhen from 2008 to 2012 so as to provide a scientific reference for the prevention of occupational hazards of trichlorethylene. Methods The unit uses the occupational health records of the trichlorethylene enterprises to collect the trichlorethylene monitoring and health monitoring data of relevant personnel and summarizes and statistically analyzes the data using the Excel table. As a result, the enterprises using trichlorethylene in the street from 2008 to 2012 were concentrated in the electronics and hardware electroplating industries, accounting for 73.77% of the total. Among them, the number of enterprises using the trichlorethylene decreased from 53 to 18; the enterprise setting Trichlorethylene was not ideal for standalone operation, with a maximum of 72.22%, with a high risk of trichlorethylene poisoning; the pass rate of monitoring increased year by year, reaching 89.47%; a total of 453 enterprises using trichlorethylene in 2008-2012 Conducted occupational health examination, found a total of 28 cases of contraindications, 5 cases of suspected patients, contraindications and suspected patients have been transferred from exposure to trichlorethylene posts; 2008-2012 street of trichlorethylene occupational poisoning are drug-like dermatitis . Conclusion The use of trichlorethylene in the street is mainly in the electronics and hardware plating industries. As cleaning agents, enterprises use products for cleaning and decontamination. They should strengthen supervision and propaganda and training of enterprises and urge enterprises to regularly monitor and organize workers’ health check-ups and conduct thorough rectification and ventilation Protection facilities to promptly detect and remove trichlorethylene contraceptives or suspected patients to prevent trichlorethylene harm the health of workers.