古代中國很早就形成了文書行政的傳統。既然文書成爲政務信息溝通的主要媒介,那麽將政務文書按照歸檔的需要進行分類保管,便成爲各級官府的日常工作之一,因而官僚機構尤其是與政務裁决有直接關係的官僚機構的組織框架(官府分曹),就可以視爲人們對當時國家政務及政務文書分類標準的投射。這一分類,不僅單純反映出文書或檔案管理的需要,還體現了當時人們對於國家行政組織架構及其所處理政務邊界的界定和區分。隋唐之際,隨著尚書六部體制的定型,將國家政務分爲吏、戶、禮、兵、刑、工六類,成爲有效的政務管理模式,沿用至清末。甚至,上述六類之事超越了尚書六部本身,成爲一種概念化的政務分類標準,應用到尚書六部以外的機構之中。隋唐時州縣曹司的劃分亦改變此前仿照公府分曹的模式,略仿尚書丞與六部而分爲七司。降至宋金,州縣下屬機構完全依照六部而分爲六案。至此,地方官府從組織架構上完全落實到以尚書六部爲准的,反映出中國古代政務文書分類體系和政務運行管理體制的完善。 Ancient China had long formed a tradition of clerical administration. Since clericals become the main media for the communication of government affairs, categorizing government documents according to the needs of archiving has become one of the day-to-day tasks of government at all levels. Therefore, bureaucracies, especially the organizational framework of bureaucracies that are directly related to administrative decisions (Government sub-Cao), we can regard people as a projection of the classification criteria of the national government affairs and government documents. This classification not only reflects the need of clerical or archival management but also reflects the definition and distinction of the administrative organization structure of the state and the boundary of government affairs it deals with at that time. On the occasion of the Sui and Tang dynasties, with the establishment of the six systems of Shang Shu, the government was divided into six categories: officials, households, courtesy, soldiers, criminal and labor, and became an effective mode of government administration. Even the above six things go beyond the six categories of Shang Shu and become a conceptual classification of government affairs and apply them to institutions other than Shang Shu. The division of Cao in Suizhou and Tang Dynasty also changed the mode of subdivision of Cao before. It was divided into seven divisions: Shang Shicheng and Liu Bu. Down to Song Jin, state agencies under the six branches in full accordance with the six cases. At this point, the local government fully implemented from the organizational structure to Shangshu six shall prevail, reflecting the ancient Chinese government classification system and government administration and management system improvement.