目的评价粉尘螨特异性免疫治疗联合规范化防治在儿童支气管哮喘(哮喘)控制中的作用。方法回顾性分析2005年4月-2010年6月随访的95例哮喘合并变应性鼻炎患儿。将其分为治疗组(54例)和对照组(41例)。治疗组采用特异性免疫治疗联合规范化防治,对照组仅采用吸入激素为主的哮喘防治方案。评价2组治疗前后哮喘发作及控制情况,了解治疗前后呼吸道感染次数及平均持续时间,比较治疗前后汉化版儿童哮喘控制测试量表(Ch-CACT)及最大呼气流量(PEF)测试结果,尤其是2组患儿在哮喘的高发季节Ch-CACT、PEF测试结果及病情控制情况。应用SPSS 15.0统计软件分析数据。结果治疗组治疗后1 a哮喘急性发作次数较对照组减少,病情程度减轻,控制情况更理想。治疗后1 a,2组患儿Ch-CACT及PEF结果均较治疗前改善,差异有统计学意义。但在治疗后1 a高发季节,对照组Ch-CACT及PEF测试结果均下降,与治疗结束后监测结果比较差异有统计学意义;而治疗组治疗结束时与治疗后1 a,高发季节Ch-CACT及PEF结果比较差异无统计学意义。治疗后1 a,2组患儿呼吸道感染次数均较治疗前减少,尤以治疗组减少明显,且治疗组呼吸道感染平均持续时间也明显减少,差异均有统计学意义。治疗组吸入激素量显著减少,部分病例甚至停用吸入激素也可达到病情控制的目的。结论特异性免疫治疗联合规范化防治能更有效地减少哮喘发作次数,减轻哮喘发作程度,在高发季节病情更趋稳定。特异性免疫治疗能明显增强患者对呼吸道感染的抵抗力,从而达到更好地控制哮喘病情的目的。 Objective To evaluate the role of dust mite-specific immunotherapy combined with standardized prevention and control in children with bronchial asthma (asthma). Methods A retrospective analysis of 95 cases of asthmatic children with allergic rhinitis was followed up from April 2005 to June 2010. Divided into treatment group (54 cases) and control group (41 cases). The treatment group with specific immunotherapy combined with standardized prevention and treatment, control group only inhaled corticosteroid-based asthma prevention and control programs. The onset and control of asthma in both groups before and after treatment were evaluated. The number and average duration of respiratory infections before and after treatment were analyzed. The results of Ch-CACT and PEF before and after treatment were compared. Is two groups of children in the high season of asthma Ch-CACT, PEF test results and disease control. SPSS 15.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Results The number of acute exacerbations of asthma in the treatment group was less than that in the control group after 1 year of treatment, and the severity of illness was reduced and the control situation was better. After 1 and 2 weeks of treatment, the results of Ch-CACT and PEF in both groups were improved compared with those before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant. However, in the high season of 1 year after treatment, the results of Ch-CACT and PEF decreased in the control group, which were statistically different from the monitoring results after the end of treatment; while in the treatment group at the end of 1-year, the Ch- CACT and PEF results showed no significant difference. After treatment, the number of respiratory infections in children in group 1 a and group 2 decreased compared with that before treatment, especially in the treatment group, and the mean duration of respiratory infections in the treatment group was also significantly reduced. The differences were statistically significant. In the treatment group, the amount of inhaled hormones was significantly reduced, and some patients even stopped using inhaled hormones to achieve the purpose of disease control. Conclusion Specific immunotherapy combined with standardized prevention and treatment can more effectively reduce the number of asthma attacks, reduce the degree of asthma attacks in the high season more stable disease. Specific immunotherapy can significantly enhance the patient’s resistance to respiratory infections, so as to achieve the purpose of better control of asthma.