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目的:了解孕妇贫血发生率及相关因素,制定干预措施。方法:对在妇保门诊进行产前检查的居住延吉市的928例孕妇进行问卷调查,进行血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞计数(RBC)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、红细胞比容(HCT)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)等指标检测,对血红蛋白(Hb)检测结果<110g/L的孕妇进行血清铁浓度测定。结果:孕妇贫血发生率21.23%。其中轻度贫血占93.40%,中度贫血占6.60%,无重度贫血。贫血患者中血清铁浓度<11.0ng/ml者145例,占贫血患者73.60%。贫血孕妇Hb、RBC、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC均低于正常孕妇,RDW高于正常孕妇,孕妇贫血种类为小细胞低色素性贫血,即缺铁性贫血。孕24周前贫血患病率较低,24周后贫血患病率上升,至36周后患病率降低,有统计学差异。喝茶、不吃早餐、素食为主、未补充铁剂在贫血与非贫血组之间有显著性差异。贫血与孕妇民族、文化程度、职业、家庭收入无明显关系。经产妇较初产妇贫血患病率低,35岁以下孕妇贫血患病率高于35岁以上孕妇,有统计学差异。高龄孕妇与经产妇接受健康教育率为89.25%,对照组为58.58%,有显著性差异。结论:降低孕妇贫血发生率要从加强孕妇健康教育入手,大力宣传防治缺铁性贫血知识,合理饮食、及时补充铁剂。
Objective: To understand the incidence of anemia in pregnant women and related factors, the development of interventions. Methods: A total of 928 pregnant women living in Yanji city were investigated by questionnaire, Hb, RBC, MCV, HCT, MCH, MCHC and RDW were measured to determine serum iron concentrations in pregnant women with hemoglobin (Hb) test <110g / L. Results: The incidence of anemia in pregnant women was 21.23%. Of which mild anemia accounted for 93.40%, moderate anemia accounted for 6.60%, no severe anemia. Anemia patients serum iron concentration <11.0ng / ml in 145 cases, accounting for 73.60% of patients with anemia. Anemia pregnant women Hb, RBC, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC were lower than normal pregnant women, RDW higher than normal pregnant women, pregnant women, anemia types of small cell hypochromic anemia, ie, iron deficiency anemia. The low prevalence of anemia 24 weeks pregnant, the prevalence of anemia after 24 weeks increased to 36 weeks after the prevalence decreased, with statistical differences. Drinking tea, not eating breakfast, vegetarian mainly without iron supplementation in anemia and non-anemia group were significantly different. Anemia and pregnant women ethnic, educational level, occupation, family income no significant relationship. The prevalence of maternal anemia than primary maternal anemia, 35-year-old pregnant women with anemia prevalence higher than 35-year-old pregnant women, with statistical differences. Elderly pregnant women and the mothers received health education was 89.25%, 58.58% in the control group, a significant difference. Conclusion: To reduce the incidence of anemia in pregnant women should start with strengthening the health education of pregnant women, vigorously promote knowledge of prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia, reasonable diet, and timely iron supplementation.