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目的:了解大连市社区老年人跌倒的发生流行特点与规律,为进一步开展老年人跌倒的干预工作提供依据。方法:在大连市某街道所辖的6个社区,选择符合条件的60岁及以上老年人,采用系统抽样方法抽取1500名老年人进行调查。结果:预计调查1500人,收回有效问卷1454份,有效应答率为96.9%。在被调查的老年人中,1年内共有289位老年人发生过352次跌倒,跌倒率为23.2%,其中男性跌倒率为19.5%,女性跌倒率为25.6%,其性别构成差异有统计学意义(x~2=5.8,P=0.016);多数老年人跌倒发生在室内(44.6%),不同性别的老年人跌倒发生地点的构成无差异;老年人跌倒损伤部位以四肢最多见,其次为躯干和头面部;老年人跌倒发生率随着年龄的增大而增加,趋势明显(rs=0.886,P=0.013);随着文化程度的增高,人群跌倒率下降(rs=-0.90,P=0.037)。结论:大连市社区老年人跌倒发生率和跌伤的比例均较高,严重威胁老年人的身心健康。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the characteristics and laws of the incidence of falls among the elderly in Dalian community and to provide basis for further intervention in the elderly. Methods: In the six communities under the jurisdiction of a street in Dalian, eligible aged 60 years and over were selected and 1,500 seniors were sampled by systematic sampling method. Results: It is estimated that 1,500 people will be investigated and 1,454 valid questionnaires will be retrieved. The effective response rate is 96.9%. Among the aged people surveyed, a total of 289 elderly people had 352 falls over a period of one year, with a fall rate of 23.2%. Among them, the fall rate of men was 19.5% and the fall rate of women was 25.6%, with a statistically significant difference in sex composition (x ~ 2 = 5.8, P = 0.016). The incidence of falls in most elderly persons was indoors (44.6%). There was no difference in the locations of falls among the elderly with different sexes. (Rs = 0.886, P = 0.013). With the increase of education level, the fall rate of the population decreased (rs = -0.90, P = 0.037), and the head and face area decreased. The incidence of falls in the elderly increased with age, ). Conclusion: The incidence of falls and the number of falls in Dalian community are high, which seriously threatens the physical and mental health of the elderly.