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目的分析辽宁省鞍山市2014年麻疹流行病学特征,为制定消除麻疹策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2014年鞍山市麻疹监测数据进行统计分析。结果 2014年鞍山市麻疹发病大幅度上升,报告麻疹489例,发病率为13.46/10万,比2013年上升了162倍,为8年来最高;3~6月为麻疹发病高峰期;农村和城乡结合部为麻疹发病高发地区;麻疹病例主要集中在0~1岁、30~39岁和10~14岁人群;无含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)免疫史和免疫史不详392例,占80.16%。2014年排除病例报告发病率为18.26/10万,48小时内完整调查率为99.91%,血标本采集率为96.70%,血标本3日内送达率为99.35%,实验室检测结果 4日内报告率为98.25%。麻疹爆发疫情7起,实验室确诊率为100%,病原学标本采集率为85.71%。结论 2014年鞍山市麻疹防控形势严峻,疫情反弹明显;要实现消除麻疹,必须保证高质量的麻疹监测和疫情处置水平,同时增加农村和城乡结合部地区MCV接种频次,提高适龄儿童MCV接种率和及时率,适时开展重点人群的强化免疫。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in 2014 in Anshan City, Liaoning Province, and provide a scientific basis for formulating measles elimination measures and measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of measles surveillance in Anshan in 2014. Results The incidence of measles in Anshan City increased significantly in 2014, with a reported incidence of measles cases of 489 cases, with an incidence rate of 13.46 / 100,000, an increase of 162 times that of 2013, the highest in 8 years; the peak incidence of measles in March and June; the rural and urban The measles cases were mainly from 0 to 1 years old, 30 to 39 years old and 10 to 14 years old. Immunization history and immune history without measles vaccine (MCV) were unknown in 392 cases (80.16%). In 2014, the incidence of cases excluded was 18.26 / 100000, the complete investigation rate was 99.91% within 48 hours, the blood collection rate was 96.70%, the delivery rate of blood samples within 3 days was 99.35%, and the laboratory test results within 4 days 98.25%. 7 cases of outbreak of measles, laboratory confirmed the rate was 100%, the collection rate of etiological specimens was 85.71%. Conclusion The situation of measles prevention and control in Anshan City was severe in 2014, and the epidemic situation rebounded obviously. To eliminate measles, it is necessary to ensure high-quality measles surveillance and epidemic situation disposal and to increase the frequency of MCV vaccination in rural and urban-rural areas and increase the MCV vaccination rate of school- aged children And timely rate, timely and intensive immunization of key populations.