不可靠叙述是当代叙述学研究中的重要问题之一。这一问题所产生的争议主要集中在隐含作者的建构当中。修辞方法和认知方法分别从作者和读者的角度来看待这一问题,认知方法的贡献在于突出了判断不可靠叙述的文本外标准以及不可靠叙述的动态性和差异性;修辞方法则强调了文本意义和价值应当具有稳定性。本文以英国作家伊恩·麦克尤恩的短篇小说《家庭制造》为例,具体分析了不可靠叙述如何在文本内部的矛盾和文本外部的阐释规约中显现。这篇小说还进一步显示,不可靠叙述如何通过展现主体意识的分化来表达严肃的道德企图。 Unreliable narration is one of the important issues in contemporary narrative study. The controversy arising from this issue has mainly focused on the construction of the implied author. Rhetorical methods and cognitive methods, respectively, from the perspective of the author and the reader look at this issue, the contribution of cognitive methods is to highlight the unreliable narrative of the text to determine the standards and unreliable narrative dynamic and differences; rhetorical methods are stressed Text meaning and value should be stable. This article takes British writer Ian McEwan’s short story “Home Making” as an example, and analyzes in detail how the unreliable narration appears in the contradictions within the text and the interpretation statutes outside the text. The novel further shows that unreliable narration shows how serious moral attempts can be made by demonstrating the differentiation of subjectivity.