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为了探索红色型豌豆蚜种群繁殖策略以及性蚜分化规律,在8L∶16D、10L∶14D、12L∶12D和14L∶10D 4个光周期条件下,研究了红色型豌豆蚜经光周期连续诱导2代后(G1和G2),后代G3中的性蚜分化情况。结果表明:兰州地区红色型豌豆蚜性雌蚜均为无翅型,而雄蚜均为有翅型;光周期对豌豆蚜性蚜分化有显著影响(P<0.05);在14L∶10D光周期条件下,豌豆蚜后代中无性蚜分化;在12L∶12D、10L∶14D和8L∶16D 3个光周期条件下均有性蚜分化,而且随着光照时间的变短,豌豆蚜G3中雄蚜所占百分比逐渐减小,但性雌蚜所占百分比基本不变;在12L∶12D光周期条件下,雄蚜和性蚜比例均最高(分别为15.03%、91.43%),而胎生蚜比例最低(8.57%);在10L∶14D光周期条件下,G3中胎生蚜比例最高,而性蚜比例最低;在8L∶16D光周期条件下,性雌蚜比例最高(78.88%),但同其他处理间差异不显著(P>0.05);在同一短光照条件下,G1产仔日龄对G3中性蚜分化具有显著影响(P<0.05),同时性蚜分化具有一定的时间顺序,即先产性雌蚜,后产雄蚜,由性雌蚜向雄蚜过渡过程中伴随产生胎生蚜。研究表明,红色型豌豆蚜性蚜产生的临界光照时长介于12~14 h,相对较长的光照条件有利于雄蚜产生,但随着光照时间缩短雄蚜分化时间逐渐延后、雄蚜分化天数逐渐缩短,说明光周期变化与豌豆蚜生殖模式转变和性蚜分化密切相关,亲代经历光周期处理时间的长短影响后代中性蚜的分化。
In order to explore the red pea aphid population of aphids reproductive strategy and differentiation and that in 8L:16D, 10L:14D, 12L:12D optical 14L:10D 4 cycles and conditions, it was studied by light red pea aphid continuous induction period 2 Generational (G1 and G2), sexual aphids differentiation in offspring G3. The results showed that both female and male aphids were winged. The photoperiod had a significant effect on the differentiation of pea aphids (P <0.05). During the period of 14L:10D photoperiod , The aphids were differentiated in the offspring of pea aphids. The aphids were differentiated in three photoperiods of 12L:12D, 10L:14D and 8L:16D. With the shorter irradiation time, the male aphids While the percentage of sexual aphids remained unchanged. Under the 12L:12D photoperiod, male and female aphids had the highest proportion (15.03% and 91.43% respectively) (8.57%). Under the 10L:14D photoperiod, the proportion of sexual aphids was the highest in G3 and the lowest in sexual aphids. The proportion of sexual aphids was the highest (78.88%) under the condition of 8L:16D photoperiod, There was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). Under the same short-term light condition, G1 age had a significant effect on the differentiation of G3 neutral aphids (P <0.05) Female aphids, male aphids after birth, from sexual aphids to the male aphid in the process of the accompanying production of aphids. The results showed that the critical illumination period of the red pea aphid was between 12 and 14 h, and relatively long light was favorable to the emergence of the male aphid. However, with the reduction of the illumination time, the differentiation time of the male aphid was gradually delayed, The number of days was gradually shortened, indicating that the photoperiodic changes were closely related to the transformation of reproductive patterns of pea aphids and the differentiation of sexual aphids. The length of photoperiodic treatment of parents affected the differentiation of the neutral aphids.