胸腔镜已沿用数十年。过去主要用于人工气胸治疗有胸膜粘连时,作粘连烙断术。随着人工气胸疗法逐渐放弃使用,胸腔镜的应用,亦曾一度渐行减少。胸腔镜检查作为诊断肺、胸膜疾患的一种方法,近年来却愈来愈受重视。有关器械改进和临床应用的资料屡有报道。兹将有关资料加以综述,为临床开展此项工作提供参考。器械和操作方法硬质胸腔镜传统上均采用硬质胸腔镜作检查。检查前先作人工气胸,若有胸腔积液,宜先尽量抽除液体,然后向胸腔内注入适量气体。经 X 线检查(正位、侧位、斜位或分层拍片)确定气胸腔直径至少相等于10cm 时,才 Thoracoscopy has been used for decades. In the past, it was mainly used for artificial pneumothorax treatment of pleural adhesions, for adhesion and cutting. With the artificial pneumothorax therapy gradually abandoned use, the application of thoracoscopy has also gradually decreased. As a method of diagnosing lung and pleural diseases, thoracoscopy has received more and more attention in recent years. Information on device improvement and clinical application has been reported repeatedly. The relevant information will be reviewed to provide reference for the clinical development of this work. Instruments and methods of operation Hard thoracoscopes have traditionally been performed using hard thoracoscopes. Before the examination, an artificial pneumothorax should be used. If there is a pleural effusion, it is advisable to first remove the fluid as much as possible and then inject an appropriate amount of gas into the chest cavity. The X-ray examination (positive, lateral, oblique or stratified film) determines that the diameter of the pneumothorax cavity is at least equal to 10 cm.