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目的：探讨影响超低出生体重（ELBW)和极低出生体重（VLBW)婴儿支气管肺发育不良（BPD)严重程度的危险因素，为其防治提供依据.方法对2013年1月至2014年12月本院新生儿重症监护病房（NICU)收治并诊断 BPD 的 ELBW/ VLBW 婴儿临床资料进行回顾性分析，按BPD 严重程度分为轻、中、重度3组，比较各组间产前因素、出生时情况、住院期间并发症、治疗措施，分析 ELBW/ VLBW 婴儿发生重度 BPD 的危险因素.结果研究期间共收治 ELBW/ VLBW 婴儿438例，诊断 BPD 225例，BPD 发生率51.4%，其中轻度 BPD 56例（24.9%)，中度 BPD 74例（32.9%)，重度 BPD 95例（42.2%). BPD 程度越重，出生体重<1000 g、气管插管时间≥7天、动脉导管未闭（PDA)、败血症/脑膜炎、输血≥3次的比例越高，组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05)；多因素 Logistic 回归分析显示，气管插管时间≥7天（OR =12.064，95% CI 4.479~32.494)和输血≥3次（OR =3.553，95% CI 1.512~8.352)是 ELBW/ VLBW 婴儿发生重度 BPD 的独立危险因素.结论 ELBW/ VLBW 婴儿发生 BPD 的严重程度与多因素相关，气管插管时间≥7天、输血≥3次是发生重度 BPD 的独立危险因素.积极预防贫血，减少气管插管时间和输血次数是减少重度 BPD 的重要措施.“,”Objective To study the risk factors for the severity of bronchopu1monary dysp1asia (BPD) in extreme1y 1ow birth weight (ELBW) infants and very 1ow birth weight (VLBW) infants, and to improve the prevention and treatment of BPD in ELBW and VLBW infants. Methods The data of ELBW and VLBW infants with BPD in our NICU from January 2013 to December 2014 were co11ected. BPD infants were c1assified as mi1d, moderate and severe groups according to the criteria. Materna1 situation, basic situation, neonata1 disease and treatment were compared among the three groups. Results A tota1 of 225 cases were enro11ed in our study, the incidence of BPD in ELBW and VLBW infants was 51. 4% (225 / 438). Among these BPD infants, there were 56 cases (24. 9% ) in mi1d group, 74 cases (32. 9% ) in moderate group, and 95 cases (42. 2% ) in severe group. With the increase of the severity of BPD, the incidences of birth weight < 1 000 g, intubation time ≥7 d, patent ductus arteriosus,sepsis/ meningitis, and b1ood transfusion ≥ 3 times a11 increased, the differences were statistica11y significant among the three groups (χ2 = 14. 037, P = 0. 001; χ2 = 54. 994, P < 0. 001; χ2 = 12. 449, P = 0. 002; χ2 = 33. 431, P < 0. 001; χ2 = 2. 829, P = 0. 002). Logistic regression ana1ysis showed that intubation time ≥7 d and b1ood transfusion ≥3 times were risk factors for severe BPD (OR = 12. 064, P < 0. 001; OR = 3. 553, P = 0. 004). Conclusions The severity of BPD in ELBW and VLBW infants is associated with mu1tip1e factors. Intubation time ≥7 d and b1ood transfusion ≥3 times are risk factors for severe BPD. Preventing infection and anemia, reducing time of intubation and b1ood transfusion times are important measures to reduce the severity of BPD.