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从价值观维度来看,公共行政范式演进是在“效率”与“民主”这两大价值观之间进行取舍或者相互博弈进而衍生出来的一系列管理理念、管理技术和管理手段的集合。传统公共行政范式恪守“效率至上”价值观,将行政领域定位为技术性的管理过程,导致民主价值观缺位。新公共行政范式把“社会公平”添置为公共行政的第三块基石,将民主置于与效率和经济同等的地位,并力图通过分权、权力下放、责任扩大和顾客介入等途径彰显政府的民主蕴涵。新公共管理范式对“效率”价值进行了扬弃,强化了政府价值观的“效能”理念;然而,该范式倡导的掌舵型政府、政府职能市场化、企业家精神和顾客导向等改革理念在事实上造成了民主价值观的流失。
From the perspective of values, the evolution of the paradigm of public administration is a set of management concepts, management techniques and management tools that are derived from the trade-offs between the two values of “efficiency” and “democracy” . The traditional paradigm of public administration abides by the values of “efficiency first” and positions the administrative area as a technical management process, resulting in the absence of democratic values. The new paradigm of public administration has added “social equity” as the third cornerstone of public administration, placed democracy on the same footing as efficiency and economy, and tried hard to show through such ways as decentralization, delegation of authority, expansion of accountability and customer intervention The government’s democratic implications. The new paradigm of public management sublated the value of “efficiency” and strengthened the concept of “efficiency” of government values. However, the reform advocated by the paradigm, such as market-oriented government functions, entrepreneurial spirit and customer orientation The idea in fact caused the loss of democratic values.