《牡丹亭》里的陈最良和《红楼梦》中的贾雨村,都是封建科举制度笼罩下的读书人,都曾是一介穷儒,都曾走过读书、进学的艰难之路,都曾做过中举、做官的美梦。不同的是陈最良性格迂腐、冬烘,但为人踏实、恳挚,虽是科举场上的失败者,却因偶然的机遇立了功,做了黄门侍郎;贾雨村是个“才干优长”的清醒人,为人奸诈阴险,爬过了科举巷道,步入仕途后,一直混到大司马、协理军机参赞朝政这样的高位,最终落得个“因嫌纱帽小,致使锁枷扛”的可悲结局。通过对他们的性格、命运、结局的比较,我们可以看出封建科举制度对士子的不良影响,并能管窥到科举制度笼罩下的读书人的心态。 Both Chen Luliang in Peony Pavilion and Jia Yucun in The Dream of Red Mansions are scholars under the feudal system of imperial examination. They used to be poor scholars and have gone through the difficult road of studying and studying. All of them have done Excuse me, the official dream. The difference is that Chen is the most elitist and pedantic, but he is solid and sincere. Although he is a loser in the imperial examinations field, he has done a good job because of chance. People, treacherous people treacherous, climbed the imperial civil roadway, into the career, has been mixed into the big Sima, the Associate military aircraft Counterattacks such high government, eventually came to a “result of a small yarn hat, resulting in locked-in” sad ending. Through the comparison of their character, destiny and ending, we can see the feudal system of imperial examination system adverse impact on the scholar, and can grasp the imperial examination system shrouded the mentality of the scholar.