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目的利用SRAP分子标记技术对天麻种质资源进行遗传多样性研究,为天麻不同亲缘物种间的分类及其优良种质资源的筛选提供依据。方法采集7个不同生态区域的天麻种质资源,包括红杆G.elata f.elata、乌杆G.elata f.glauca和绿杆G.elata f.viridis 3种变型和红乌杂交天麻,共24份样品。运用SRAP分子标记方法构建天麻种质的DNA指纹图谱,从分子水平检测其遗传多样性。结果 33对引物扩增出637条多态性条带,多态性百分率达73.16%。24份天麻种质样品间相似度分布于0.404 0~0.908 0,整个群体之间的相似程度差异较大。其中红天麻样品间的相似度在0.906 6~0.996 4,遗传差异较小;乌天麻、杂交天麻和绿天麻样品间的相似度分别在0.410 4~0.999 6、0.541 0~0.950 4和0.578 2,遗传差异较大。AMOVA分析结果显示,天麻变型内变异大于变型间变异,天麻各变型间有很大的遗传分化(FST=0.33,P<0.05)。另外,人工栽培对遗传分化有影响,但不显著。结论 SRAP分子标记方法得到的24份天麻样品多态性丰富,能有效地反映出天麻的遗传多样性。红杆天麻的遗传性状较为稳定,与其他变型间缺乏基因交流,遗传多样性匮乏;其他2个变型具有较高的遗传多样性。
OBJECTIVE: To study the genetic diversity of Germplasm resources of Gastrodia elata by SRAP molecular marker technology, and to provide a basis for the classification of different relatives of Gastrodia elata species and screening of their excellent germplasm resources. Methods The germplasm resources of Gastrodia elata Blume collected from seven different ecoregions including G.elata f.elata, G.elata f.glauca and G.elata f.viridis, 24 samples. The DNA fingerprinting of Gastrodia elata Blume by using SRAP molecular marker method was established to detect the genetic diversity at molecular level. Results 33 pairs of primers amplified 637 polymorphic bands, the percentage of polymorphisms reached 73.16%. The similarity of 24 samples of Gastrodia elata samples ranged from 0.404 0 to 0.908 0, and the similarities among the whole populations were quite different. The similarity among the samples of Rhodiola was between 0.906 6 and 0.996 4, and the genetic differences were small. The similarities among the samples of Wu Tian Ma, Tian Tian He and Tian Tian Ma were 0.410 4 ~ 0.999 6, 0.541 0 ~ 0.950 4 and 0.578 2, respectively. Genetic differences. The results of AMOVA analysis showed that the variation within the gastrodia elata varieties was greater than the variation among the varieties, and there was a great genetic differentiation among the variations of the gastrodia (FST = 0.33, P <0.05). In addition, artificial cultivation has an impact on genetic differentiation, but not significant. Conclusion The polymorphism of 24 samples of gastrodia tuber obtained by SRAP molecular marker method is rich, which can effectively reflect the genetic diversity of Gastrodia elata. The genetic character of Rhizoma mahogany was stable, the lack of gene exchange with other variants, lack of genetic diversity; the other two variants had high genetic diversity.