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§1 词义的演变是汉语史研究中最为复杂的问题之一。因为词义的演变有词汇性的,有语法性的,有修辞性的,还有多元性的,所以,研究者们很难寻踪探迹,描写出它们各自演变的特色,更难用一套合理的公式来概括它们多姿多态的变化。迄今为止,人们在说明一个词的词义变化时,只能说它的词义增多了或者减少了;在说明词义本身的演变时,一般仍采用扩大、缩小或转移的说法。诚然,词义的扩大、缩小和转移是一
§1 The evolution of meaning is one of the most complex issues in the study of Chinese history. Because the evolution of lexical meaning is lexical, grammatical, rhetorical, and pluralistic, it is very hard for researchers to trace the traces and characterize their respective evolutions, making it more difficult to use one set Reasonable formula to summarize their polymorphic changes. To date, people can only say that the meaning of a word has been increased or decreased in explaining the change of the meaning of a word. In explaining the evolution of the meaning itself, people generally use the phrase of expanding, contracting or transferring. Admittedly, the expansion, reduction and transfer of meaning is one