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儿童是甲型H1N1流感的高发人群。其大部分临床表现为发热、咳嗽等常见的上呼吸道感染症状,极少部分可出现急性坏死性脑病、呼吸循环衰竭、多脏器衰竭等危重临床表现,甚至出现死亡。临床确诊主要依靠反转录PCR、特异性探针核酸检测、病毒分离和双份血清病毒的特异性抗体检测等。普通抗病毒治疗对甲型H1N1感染疗效不佳,而奥司他韦治疗效果良好,但已有耐药病例报道。免疫接种仍是预防儿童H1N1流感暴发的最主要、最有效手段。
Children are high-risk groups of people with influenza A (H1N1). Most of its clinical manifestations of fever, cough and other common symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, very few can be acute necrotic encephalopathy, respiratory failure, multiple organ failure and other critical clinical manifestations, and even death. Clinical diagnosis mainly rely on reverse transcription PCR, specific probe nucleic acid detection, virus isolation and double serum virus-specific antibody detection. Common antiviral treatment of H1N1 influenza A curative effect is poor, and oseltamivir treatment effect is good, but there are cases of resistance reported. Immunization is still the most important and effective means of preventing the outbreak of H1N1 in children.