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年北京地面塌陷呈波动式上升趋势,威胁严重。在讨论其孕灾环境和时空分布特征的基础上,分析引起地面塌陷的因素。研究把此区地面塌陷分为采矿地面塌陷和工程地面塌陷两种类型。采矿地面塌陷主要分布于西山门头沟,致灾因子包括开采深度、矿体倾角、降雨、和大量疏排水。工程地面塌陷主要分布于城区,致灾因子包括管线渗漏与侵蚀、地下水过度开采、施工方法不当和人工振动。
Ground subsidence in Beijing showed a volatile upward trend, a serious threat. On the basis of discussing the characteristics of pregnant environment and its spatial and temporal distribution, the factors causing ground subsidence are analyzed. The study divides the surface subsidence in this area into two types: mining ground subsidence and engineering ground subsidence. Mine ground subsidence is mainly distributed in the West Mentougou, hazard factors include mining depth, ore body inclination, rainfall, and a large number of drainage. The ground subsidence of the project is mainly distributed in the urban area. The hazard factors include pipeline seepage and erosion, groundwater over-exploitation, improper construction methods and artificial vibration.