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关联理论观照下的话语理解强调自动理解程序的启动,释话者遵循自动理解程序并形成关于发话者意义的假设,获取足够的语境效果满足其关联期待。针对语调的两大子系统——调核确定系统和声调意义系统,从关联及认知视角可以剖析调核确定的统一原则和声调意义的区分标准。也就是说,关联性是决定话语调核位置的统一本源,而“信息焦点”或“关注焦点”之说则有失偏颇。声调意义的确定可以依据统一的认知概括,即话语是否隐含发话者所持的“判断保留”态度。含有丰富语调特征的语言输入越是凸显,就越有可能促进发话者意义的表达,并为释话者提供线索,触发其关联理解程序的运行,使话语产生足够的关联性。
Discourse understanding under the guidance of relevance theory emphasizes the automatic understanding of the initiation of the procedure. The speaker follows the automatic understanding of the procedure and forms the hypothesis about the significance of the speaker, obtaining sufficient contextual effects to satisfy his associated expectation. The two major sub-systems of tone-adjustment system and the system of tone meaning can be analyzed from the perspective of cognition and cognition to unify the principle of determining the tone and distinguish the standard of tone meaning. That is to say, relevance is the unifying origin that determines the location of discourse, and “information focus” or “focus of attention” is biased. The definition of tone meaning can be based on a unified cognitive generalization, that is, whether the utterances imply the speaker’s “reserved” attitude. The more prominent the language input with rich intonation features is, the more likely it is to promote the speaker’s meaning expression and provide clues to the speaker who triggers the operation of his association understanding program, making the discourse sufficiently relevant.