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免疫检查点对于维持自身免疫耐受、避免免疫系统对正常组织进行攻击发挥着至关重要的作用.肿瘤细胞能够利用免疫检查点通路的激活逃避免疫系统的识别.目前最重要的免疫检查点为细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原-4(CTLA-4)、程序性死亡受体-1(PD-1)及程序性死亡受体配体-1(PD-L1).肿瘤细胞PD-L1通过与活化的T细胞的PD-1结合,能够通过诱导T细胞的凋亡降低肿瘤免疫反应.免疫检查点抑制剂的应用能够延长肿瘤患者的生存时间.尽管目前对于免疫检查点认识有限,但免疫检查点抑制剂作为新的治疗方法有望改变乳腺癌的治疗模式.本篇综述将介绍乳腺癌中免疫检查点的研究进展.“,”Immune checkpoint plays an important role in maintaining self-tolerance and preventing immune system from attacking normal tissues.Tumor cells take advantage of these mechanisms to evade immune recognition.At present,the most important immune checkpoints are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA4),programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1).PD-L1 binds PD-1 to reduce the cellular immune response by inducing T-cell apoptosis or exhaustion.Immune checkpoint blockade improves the survival of patients with cancer.Despite the limited understanding,checkpoint blockade as a novel therapeutic approach may change the treatment paradigm of breast cancer in the future.In this paper,recent advances of immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer are reviewed.