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国外铁路在改进机车车辆车钩缓冲装置时特别注意提高它的强度和可靠性,改进其运用特性、力和动力学参数。美国铁路的经验,以及许多欧洲国家研制自动车钩取代轨距1435毫米铁路链子钩的经验,在改进钩缓装置方面是很有意义的。美国铁路本世纪初采用的詹氏系统的自动车钩,为了提高它的强度和可靠性一直在进行改进。这样看来,E型车钩(图1)已是最完善的了。车钩结构的进一步改进首先是通过采用钩件的附件1和2(图2)来保证车钩垂直连挂中心,并将非刚性车钩改为刚性的F型货车用车钩和H型客车用车钩(参见
Special attention should be paid to improving the strength and reliability of the locomotive and vehicle coupler when improving the characteristics, force and dynamic parameters of foreign railway. The experience of the United States Railways, as well as the experience of many European countries that the development of automatic coupler to replace the 1435 mm railway chain hook gauge, makes sense in improving the hook and loop arrangement. The automatic coupler of the Jensen system used at the beginning of this century by the U.S. Railways has been undergoing improvements in order to increase its strength and reliability. In view of this, E-type coupler (Figure 1) is the most perfect. A further improvement on the coupler structure is to first ensure that the coupler is vertically attached to the center by using attachments 1 and 2 (Fig. 2) for the coupler and to change the non-rigid coupler to the rigid coupler for F-type truck and the coupler for H-type passenger car (see