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近年来中国劳动力市场上人力资本回报率不断提高,表明就业培训是继学历教育后提高人力资本的重要方式。将外来市民和农民工两群体进行对比,并从机会、结果和效率几个方面探讨,可以发现培训中存在的问题和改进方向。根据有较好代表性的北京调查数据,农民工参加培训的机会低于外来市民但收益非常显著,外来市民培训参与率更高但收益不显著。企业培训的选择性造成培训资源的配置存在一定问题,需要引入更多机制增加对农民工的培训。
In recent years, the rate of return on human capital in China’s labor market has been constantly rising, indicating that job training is an important way to raise human capital after academic education. By comparing the two groups of migrant workers and migrant workers and discussing the opportunities, results and efficiency, we can find out the problems in training and the direction of improvement. According to the well-representative Beijing survey data, migrant workers have less chance of participating in training than foreign residents, but the returns are very significant. The participation rate of migrant workers in higher education is higher but their income is not significant. The selective training of enterprises poses some problems in the allocation of training resources, and more mechanisms need to be introduced to increase the training of migrant workers.