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目的:考察北细辛挥发油不同馏分的化学成分及急性毒性,以期为临床安全、合理用药提供依据。方法:采用减压分馏的方法对总挥发油进行分馏,采用GC-MS法分析研究不同馏分的化学成分,采用Bliss法及最大给药量法评价不同馏分急性毒性。结果:北细辛3个馏分挥发油的LD50分别为低沸程油10mL/kg、中沸程油6.5mL/kg、高沸程油15mL/kg。结论:北细辛3个馏分挥发油的急性毒性强弱依次为高沸程(约140℃)、中沸程(80℃～140℃)、低沸程(约80℃)。
Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents and acute toxicity of different fractions of Volatile Oil from Asarum, providing evidence for clinical safety and rational drug use. Methods: The total volatile oil was fractionated by vacuum fractionation method. The chemical constituents of different fractions were analyzed by GC-MS method. The acute toxicity of different fractions was evaluated by Bliss method and maximum dose method. Results: The LD50 of three fractions of Asarum were 10 mL / kg for low boiling range oil, 6.5 mL / kg for medium boiling range oil and 15 mL / kg for high boiling range oil, respectively. CONCLUSION: The acute toxicity of three fractions of Asarum is high boiling range (about 140 ℃), middle boiling range (80 ℃ ~ 140 ℃) and low boiling range (about 80 ℃).