肠道微生物对人类健康的重要性逐渐被人们关注。动物模型揭示了孕期母体微生物通过对子代微生物、代谢和免疫发育的作用影响了子代健康结局。然而，人体生理机制更为复杂，并受到多种暴露因素的交互影响，在动物模型中得到的研究结果往往与人群研究不一致。目前，孕期母体肠道微生物对子代微生物定植和健康的影响尚不明确。在大型前瞻性出生队列的基础上建设微生物亚队列，检测母亲孕期和子代发育多时点微生物组状态，并进一步与人群环境、行为暴露等宏观信息结合，能更好地为人体健康和疾病的机制研究提供可靠支撑。本研究从研究目标、内容、进展及优势与潜在问题等方面对该亚队列研究进行简要介绍，着重呈现本研究的总体设计和进展情况。“,”The importance of gut microbes to human health has gradually attracted attention. With the use of animal models, it has been revealed that maternal microbes during pregnancy could influence their children's health outcomes through shaping their microbial composition and regulating the development of their metabolic and immune system. However, the physiological mechanism of the human body is more complex and is affected by the interaction of multiple factors. The research results obtained from animal models are often inconsistent with human studies. At present, the influence of maternal intestinal microbes during pregnancy on the microbial colonization in their offspring and on a series of children's health outcomes is still unclear. Establishing a sub-cohort to detect the microbiome of the women across pregnancy and of their offspring, and further to integrate with variety of environmental and behavioral exposures can better provide reliable support for the research on the mechanism of children's health and diseases. This paper briefly introduces the research objectives, content, progress, strength and limitations of the sub-cohort study.