所有制性质从根本上规定了民生的本质、样态及运动规律。资本主义私有制下的剥削、分化及异化等加剧了民生问题的产生及矛盾的恶化,社会主义公有制是实现共享式、普惠式民生的理想形态。新中国成立后,我国施行的社会主义公有制保障了民生的全民共享,但民生水平相对较低;改革开放后的民生问题不是公有制本身的问题,而是公有制运行层面的问题。因此,需要进一步全面深化民生导向下的公有制改革。 The nature of ownership fundamentally stipulates the essence, style and movement of people’s livelihood. Exploitation, differentiation and alienation under private ownership of capitalism exacerbate the emergence of people’s livelihood problems and the deterioration of contradictions. Socialist public ownership is an ideal form for realizing shared and inclusive people’s livelihood. After the founding of New China, the socialist public ownership in our country guaranteed the people’s livelihood of the entire people, but the people’s livelihood was relatively low. The livelihood issue after the reform and opening up was not the issue of public ownership itself but the issue of public ownership. Therefore, we need to further deepen the reform of public ownership under the guidance of people’s livelihood.