本文报告51例Rh抗体引起的新生儿溶血症,其中抗-D35例、抗-E12例、抗-(?)·E2例、抗-C·D及抗-(?)各1例。16例患儿标本做直接抗人球蛋白试验、游离抗体试验、抗体释放试验均为阳性。对6例有高效价抗体的孕妇施行产前血浆交换,对7例新生儿施行换血治疗,均取得满意效果。作者认为,孕期夫妇血型鉴定及抗体检查有助于新生儿溶血症的诊断、预防和早期治疗。 This article reports 51 cases of Rh antibody-induced neonatal hemolytic disease, including anti-D35 cases, anti-E12 cases, anti-E2 cases, anti-CD and anti -? 16 cases of patients with direct anti-human globulin test, free antibody test, antibody release test was positive. Prenatal plasma exchange was performed on 6 pregnant women with high titer antibody, and blood transfusions were performed on 7 neonates, all of which achieved satisfactory results. The authors believe that blood type identification and antibody testing during pregnancy couples contribute to the diagnosis, prevention and early treatment of neonatal hemolytic disease.