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在希波克拉底时代即有流行性黄疸的描述,但只是近10余年中病原学方面才有较大的进展。迄今病毒性肝炎已知至少有三种不同的病原。一、甲型肝炎病毒(HAV) HAV为27nm、立方对称的RNA肠病毒。约在黄疸前2周～黄疸后1周中可从感染者的粪便中分离出来。已接种狨和猩猩成功,并可在猴胚细胞和离体狨肝中生长。当粪便中病毒消失时,血清中出现抗体,数月内达峰值,在多年后仍可检出。甲肝抗体滴度增高时可作出诊断,但仅约50%的病人有之。血清IgM型甲肝抗体有更大的诊断意义,表明其为现行感染,仅持续2～6个月。未发现慢性病毒携带者,在疾病的急性期,可自病人的活检肝组织中,以免疫荧光法显示HAV。二、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV) 只能接种于猩猩,组织培养尚未成功。在乙型肝炎血清中,电镜下可见三种类型的颗粒:20nm的小球;20nm宽,100nm长的小管和42nm的Dane粒,后者是完整的HBV,
The description of epidemic jaundice in the era of Hippocrates, but only in the past 10 years in the etiology have made great progress. To date, viral hepatitis has been known to have at least three different pathogenic agents. First, hepatitis A virus (HAV) HAV 27nm, cubic symmetrical RNA enterovirus. About 2 weeks before jaundice ~ 1 week after jaundice can be isolated from the infected person’s stool. Vaccination and orangutans have been successful, and can be in monkey embryo cells and isolated liver growth. When the virus disappears in the stool, antibodies appear in the serum, reaching peaks within a few months and still being detectable after many years. Hepatitis A antibody titers can be diagnosed, but only about 50% of patients have it. Serum IgM hepatitis A antibody has a greater diagnostic significance, indicating that it is the current infection, lasted only 2 to 6 months. Chronic virus carriers were not found and in the acute phase of the disease HAV can be visualized by immunofluorescence from biopsy liver tissue of a patient. Second, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can only inoculated in orangutans, tissue culture has not been successful. In hepatitis B sera, three types of particles are visible under electron microscopy: 20 nm beads; 20 nm wide, 100 nm long tubules and 42 nm Dane pellets, which are intact HBV,