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【目的】了解中国苏北沿海地区不同土地利用类型下土壤动物的多样性及其生态分布特征,为该地区土壤动物系统研究以及生态系统健康评价提供基础资料。【方法】采用手拣法和干漏斗法,对苏北沿海3种不同土地利用类型(杨树人工林、杨-农复合林、农田)下的土壤动物群落组成与多样性特征进行研究。【结果】土壤动物群落在杨树人工林、杨-农复合林、农田中均以蜱螨目(Acarina)、弹尾目(Collembola)动物为优势类群,占全部捕获量的82.48%,是组成该地区土壤动物群落的主体;土壤动物个体数量随季节呈现一定规律性,即夏>秋>春>冬;土壤动物垂直分布上,表聚性明显;在群落多样性方面,杨树人工林土壤动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与Pielou均匀度指数最高,杨-农复合系统土壤动物的丰富度(Margalef指数)最高,而农田土壤动物的Simpson优势度最高,多样性指数与均匀度指数最低。【结论】土地利用方式的转变影响了土壤动物的组成与多样性特征,复合经营和适度干扰可在一定程度上提高土壤动物的丰富度;但是人为干扰强度较大时,会降低土壤动物的多样性和均匀度。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to understand the diversity and ecological distribution of soil fauna under different land use types in the coastal areas of northern Jiangsu Province, and to provide the basic data for the study of soil fauna system and ecosystem health assessment in this area. 【Method】 The composition and diversity of soil fauna in three different land use types (poplar plantation, poplar-agroforestry plantation, farmland) along the coast of northern Jiangsu were studied by hand picking method and dry funnel method. 【Result】 The results showed that Acarina and Collembola were the dominant species in poplar plantations, poplar-agroforestry forests and farmlands, accounting for 82.48% of the total catch, The number of soil animal showed a certain regularity with the seasons, ie, summer> autumn> spring> winter; on the vertical distribution of soil animals, there was obvious surface clustering; in the community diversity, poplar plantation soil fauna Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index were the highest, while the soil animal abundance (Margalef index) was the highest in the Yang-agroforestry system, while the Simpson dominance index was the highest in the farmland soil animals, while the diversity index and evenness index were the lowest. 【Conclusion】 The change of land use pattern affected the composition and diversity of soil animals, and the complex management and moderate disturbance could improve the richness of soil animals to a certain extent. However, when the human disturbance intensity is large, the diversity of soil animals will be reduced Sex and uniformity.