重复是中外文学叙事中一种常见的写作方法,也是西方叙事学中的一种特有理论,即反复叙事(repetition)。在叙事实践中,它指“小说中的某一个事件,某一个细节在小说的不同章节中被一次次地重复叙述”①。作家贾平凹的长篇创作,从20世纪80年代的《商州》到新作《带灯》,一直有着重复的特点。从小说中具体场景和事件的重复,到人物塑造中某种性格和文化品格的重复,以及由于作家专注于农村底层民间社会的呈现而表现的城与乡、传统与现代的冲突之重复,可以说重复无处不在。有论者就曾指出贾平凹小说在情节上的“工业化组装”式的重复,以及有关 Repetition is a common method of writing in Chinese and foreign literary narratives. It is also a kind of unique theory in Western narratology, that is repetition. In narrative practice, it refers to “an event in a novel, a certain detail in the different chapters of the novel being repeated again and again”. Writer Jia Pingwa’s long creation, from the 1980s “Shangzhou” to the new work “with lights”, has always been a repetitive feature. From the repetition of specific scenes and events in the novel to the repetition of a certain character and cultural character in the characterization and the repetition of conflicts between city and country and between tradition and modernity due to the writer’s focus on the presentation of the rural bottom civil society, Repeat is everywhere. Someone once pointed out the “industrial assembly” repetition of Jia Pingwa’s novels in the plot, as well as related