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中国在鸦片战争以后,由於外国资本主义侵入与国内出现了资本主义生产的萌芽,从而产生了资本主义思想,要求中国由封建社会改变为资本主义社会。最初这种思想,就是维新思想,改良主义,即要求在封建的基础上,变法维新,逐渐走上资本主义的道路。首先提出这种维新思想的人是地主阶级的知识份子,他们是地主阶级中的成员,或者是准备着一旦金榜题名就可以挤入地主阶级中去的人们。但是因为他们‘或多或少的有了现代的科学知识,富於政治感觉,他们在现阶段的中国革命中能够起着先锋的与桥樑的作用。’(一)
After the Opium War in China, due to the invasion of foreign capitalism and the emergence of the capitalist production in China, the idea of capitalism emerged and China was transformed from a feudal society into a capitalist society. The first thought of this kind was to reform the thinking and reformism, that is, to demand reform on the basis of feudalism and reform and gradually embark on the path of capitalism. The first to propose this idea of reform are the intellectuals of the landlord class who are members of the landlord class or who are prepared to crowd into the landlord class once the golden title is given. However, because they are more or less modern scientific knowledge and political feeling, they can play a vanguard and bridge role in the current Chinese revolution. ’(one)