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2002～2004年对湖南省湘阴县藠头—水稻轮作模式和西瓜—水稻镶嵌种植模式示范基地的稻田蜘蛛进行实地调查,分析了这2种水稻种植模式中蜘蛛群落结构和季节消长动态。结果表明,西瓜—水稻模式田的物种丰富度(44)及多样性指数(4.259 54)最高;其次为藠头—水稻模式田,其物种丰富度为41、多样性指数为4.213 10;最低的是常规的双季早、晚稻田,早、晚稻的物种丰富度分别为38和32,多样性指数分别为4.110 54和3.947 63。说明采用前2种稻田种植模式,不但丰富了稻田景观元素,而且天敌蜘蛛种群数量和种类均有较显著增加。在水稻大面积种植区推广水旱轮作或间作经济作物的耕作模式,可有效地保护稻田蜘蛛等天敌,控制害虫。同时,可提高单位土地的经济效益,增加农民收入。
Field surveys of paddy field spiders in the Weitou-rice rotation model and watermelon-rice mosaic planting demonstration base in Hunan Province from 2002 to 2004 were conducted. The dynamics of spider community structure and seasonal dynamics in the two rice cultivation modes were analyzed. The results showed that the species richness (44) and diversity index (4.259 54) of watermelon-paddy field were the highest, followed by that of paddy field-rice pattern field, with a species richness of 41 and a diversity index of 4.213 10. The lowest Is a common double-season early and late rice fields, early and late rice species richness were 38 and 32, respectively, the diversity index were 4.110 54 and 3.947 63. The results showed that the first two types of paddy field planting mode not only enriched the landscape elements in the paddy field but also significantly increased the population and species of the natural enemy spider population. Popularizing the farming mode of irrigated and dry-cropped or intercropping cash crops in large-scale paddy rice planting areas can effectively protect natural enemies such as spiders in rice fields and control pests. At the same time, it can increase the economic benefits per unit of land and increase the income of peasants.