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目的了解我国城镇15～24岁青少年关心和遇到的生殖健康问题及寻医行为,为有针对性地开展青少年生殖健康教育和服务提供依据。方法用整群抽样的方法,在黑龙江、江苏、山东、广东、重庆和贵州6个省(直辖市)各选择1个中等发达的县级市(地级市的区、县城),共选取3361名15～24岁校内、校外未婚青少年接受问卷调查,并从中随机选取调查对象进行专题小组讨论。结果男青少年最关心生长发育和性发育带来的身体变化和生理现象以及避孕,女青少年对怀孕、生育和避孕的问题感兴趣。在青少年可能遇到的生殖健康问题中,生长发育、心理和人际交往方面问题、月经(女)问题是最常遇到的;8.8%～36.8%的青少年遇到过与性有关的问题,男性高于女性,校外高于校内;仅有4.9%～15.6%的青少年表示没有遇到过生殖健康方面的问题,男性高于女性;上述差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。84.4%～96.1%的青少年在遇到生殖健康问题时从来没有拨打过热线电话,64.2%～85.9%的青少年遇到生殖健康问题时从来没有就医,校外女青少年就医比例最高,为36.0%。女青少年因生殖健康问题就医的医疗机构主要是市(县)妇幼保健院和市(县)人民医院/市(县)医院,男青少年还包括市(县)中医院。城镇青少年在性与生殖健康方面想问和想说的内容中,“希望加强青少年生殖健康教育”在各类青少年中比例最高,为36.7%～55.2%。校内男青少年询问性、与异性关系方面的问题最多(16.5%)。结论青少年生殖健康教育应包括识别问题、寻医技能以及介绍青少年生殖健康服务的内容,并考虑不同类型青少年的特点和各自需求。
Objective To understand the reproductive health problems and seeking medical services that are concerned and encountered by adolescents aged 15-24 in urban areas in China and provide the basis for carrying out adolescent reproductive health education and services in a targeted manner. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 1 moderately developed county-level cities (prefecture-level cities and counties) in 6 provinces (Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong, Chongqing and Guizhou) 15 ~ 24 years old school, unmarried adolescents outside the school accepted a questionnaire survey, and randomly selected from the survey to focus group discussions. Results Male adolescents are most concerned about the physical changes and physiological phenomena caused by growth and sexual development as well as contraception. Female adolescents are also interested in the issues of pregnancy, childbirth and contraception. Migrants (women) are the most commonly encountered problems in reproductive health problems that adolescents may encounter, growth and development, psychology and interpersonal relationships. Among them, 8.8% to 36.8% of adolescents experience problems related to sex, and men Higher than female, out of school; only 4.9% ~ 15.6% of the adolescents said they did not encounter reproductive health problems, men than women; the above differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). 84.4% ~ 96.1% of young people never make hotline calls in the face of reproductive health problems. 64.2% ~ 85.9% of adolescents have never sought medical treatment when they encounter reproductive health problems. The highest proportion of female adolescents seeking treatment outside school is 36.0%. The medical institutions for adolescent girls seeking medical treatment on reproductive health issues are mainly the municipal (county) MCH and city (county) People’s Hospital / city (county) hospitals, and the male and female adolescents also include the municipal (county) Chinese Medicine Hospital. In terms of what they want to ask and want to say about sexuality and reproductive health among adolescents and young people in cities and towns, “hopefully strengthening adolescent reproductive health education” is the highest among all types of youth, ranging from 36.7% to 55.2%. Male adolescents in school asked about sexual and heterosexual issues the most (16.5%). Conclusion Reproductive health education for adolescents should include the identification of problems, skills of seeking medical treatment and introduction of adolescent reproductive health services, taking into account the characteristics and needs of different types of adolescents.