铁水质量影响着铸件的机械性能、切削加工性能和使用寿命。目前,铸铁的熔化主要采用冲天炉,提高铸水质量是冲天炉熔炼的主要目的,所谓铁水质量主要是指铁水温度,铁水成份的波动范围以及铁水的纯净度。以下就影响铁水质量的主要因素,作一简要论述。一、冲天炉熔炼过程的冶金变化对铁水质量的影响: 由于冲天炉内炉气性质属氧化性,所以铁料在熔炼过程中,主要是受着炉气的氧化作用。在预热区,固体铁块受炉气氧化程度较轻,对铁水质量的影响较小。在熔化区和过热区,铁水被炉气氧化的程度迅速增大,铁水滴中Fe的浓度最高,根据质量作用定律。在铁水滴表面,Fe首先受到氧化,然后通过扩散, The quality of hot metal affects the mechanical properties of the casting, cutting performance and service life. At present, the melting of cast iron mainly adopts cupola furnace to improve the quality of casting water is the main purpose of cupola melting. The so-called molten iron quality mainly refers to the hot metal temperature, the fluctuation range of hot metal composition and the purity of hot metal. Following the main factors affecting the quality of hot metal, make a brief discussion. First, the cupola melting process of metallurgical changes on the quality of hot metal: As the cupola nature of furnace gas is oxidizing, so the iron in the melting process, mainly by the furnace gas oxidation. In the preheating zone, the solid iron is oxidized to a lesser extent by the furnace gas and has a small effect on the quality of the molten iron. In the melting zone and overheating zone, the hot metal is rapidly oxidized by the furnace gas. The concentration of Fe in the iron droplet is the highest, according to the law of mass action. In the iron droplet surface, Fe first by oxidation, and then by diffusion,