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【目的】降雨条件是中国诱发滑坡灾害的根本原因,探讨滑坡体内孔隙水压力对降雨特性的响应关系是揭示滑坡成灾机制的关键环节。【方法】递增型降雨和中峰型降雨是重庆境内诱发滑坡灾害的主要降雨型式,据此采用模型试验方法分析滑坡体内孔隙水压力对降雨特性的响应问题。通过模型试验,得到了滑坡体内孔隙水压力随降雨历时的系列变化曲线。【结果】降雨作用下滑坡体内孔隙水压力的变化过程可分成缓变阶段、激增阶段和稳定阶段,且仅在激增阶段后期和稳定阶段时滑坡体才达到饱和状态;递增型降雨条件下各测点记录的孔隙水压力峰值点线斜率小于中峰型降雨条件下孔隙水压力峰值点线斜率,表明中峰型降雨更易使滑坡体达到饱和状态;滑坡表面的裂缝可显著影响降雨入渗特性,裂缝以下部分滑坡体更易发生变形和破坏;运用非饱和土力学理论对试验结果进行了科学解释。【结论】研究成果对于进一步研究降雨对滑坡稳定性的量化作用有积极意义。
【Objective】 Rainfall conditions are the root cause of landslide disasters in China. It is a key point to reveal the mechanism of landslide disaster to investigate the response of pore water pressure to rainfall characteristics in landslide. 【Method】 Incremental rainfall and mid-peak rainfall are the main types of rainfall-induced landslide hazards in Chongqing. Based on the model tests, the response of pore-water pressure to rainfall characteristics in landslide bodies is analyzed. Through the model test, the series of curves of pore water pressure in the landslide with rainfall duration are obtained. 【Result】 The results show that the change of pore water pressure in landslide can be divided into gradual change stage, surge stage and stable stage under the action of rainfall, and the landslide body can reach saturation only in the late stage of surge stage and stable stage. Under the condition of incremental rainfall, The slope of the peak point of the pore water pressure recorded at the point is smaller than that of the peak point of the pore water pressure under the rainfall of the middle peak, which shows that the peak rainfall can make the landslide more saturated. The crack on the landslide surface can significantly affect the rainfall infiltration characteristics, The landslide below the cracks is more prone to deformation and failure. The unsaturated soil mechanics theory is used to explain the test results scientifically. 【Conclusion】 The research results have positive significance for further studying the quantitative effect of rainfall on landslide stability.