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已有不少研究探索空间语言与认知,但相关的汉英对比研究却比较稀缺。本文在Danziger(2010)四分参照系模式下对比研究汉英语篇中的空间参照系表达。结果表明,汉英空间参照系表达既有共性也有异性。主要共性为:两者都采用由“目标物”至“参照物”/“参照物”至“目标物”两种语序结构,都使用“绝对、相对、物本、直接”四种参照系描述空间物体位置。主要差异为:(1)“参照物先于目标物”的语序结构在汉语语料中占压倒性优势,“目标物先于参照物”的语序结构在英语语料中占绝对优势;(2)“绝对参照”是汉语的优选参照系表达,“物本参照”是英语的优选参照系表达;(3)汉语通常须使用后置方位词标示物体位置(前置介词可用可略),英语只用介词表达物体位置。研究还表明,汉英空间参照系表达的共性是由人类普遍性空间认知驱动的,而两者差异性具有其特定的、多样性的认知语义理据。
Many studies have explored space language and cognition, but the relevant comparative studies in Chinese and English are scarce. In this paper, Danziger (2010) four-part reference model comparative study of Chinese and English spatial reference frame expression. The results show that the spatial reference system of Chinese and English has both common and opposite sex. The main commonalities are: Both have a two-word structure, from “target ” to “reference ” / “reference ” to “target ”, using “absolute, relative, This, direct ”four kinds of reference system describes the location of space objects. The main differences are as follows: (1) The word order structure of “reference object before target object” occupies an overwhelming predominance in Chinese corpus, and the order structure of “target object prior to reference object” occupies absolute predominance in English corpus. (2) “Absolute reference ” is the preferred reference frame for Chinese, “Material reference ” is the preferred frame of reference for English expression; (3) Available to be omitted), English only prepositions to express the position of the object. The research also shows that the commonness expressed by the Chinese-English spatial reference system is driven by the universality of human cognition, while the differences between the two have their own specific and diversified cognitive motivations.