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本文以滇中高原为背景,通海县秀山和杞麓湖区为研究对象,通过10m×10m小面积取样试验,针对当地常见的植物群落,分别从植物覆盖,林冠截雨,地表径流,林内枯落物组成、数量和饱和持水量,以及土壤含水率变化等内容进行了两年的试验观测。据观测数据,各群落之保持水土能力为常绿阔叶林>云南松林>次生荒草坡>放牧荒草坡>早作地与光秃地。这种群落问的生态效益,基本与自然植被之顺向演替相吻合。为了缓解滇中山地的水土流失和土地退化,其生物措施是首先应恢复草被,紧接营造各类针阔叶混交林,方能实现改良土壤,涵养水源,调节山洪,逐步建立良性生态循环。
Taking the Central Yunnan Plateau as a background, Xiushan and Qilu Lake areas in Tonghai County as the research object, through the sampling experiment of small area of 10m × 10m, according to the common plant communities in this area, the vegetation coverage, canopy interception, surface runoff, The composition of the material, the quantity and the saturated water holding capacity, and the change of the soil moisture content were tested for two years. According to the observation data, the community’s ability to maintain water and soil is evergreen broad-leaved forest> Yunnan pine forest> secondary wasteland> grazing grassland> early land and bare land. The ecological benefits of this community inquiry basically coincide with the forward succession of natural vegetation. In order to alleviate the soil erosion and land degradation in mountainous areas of central Yunnan, the biological measures should first be to restore grass cover and then to create various coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests so as to improve the soil, conserve water sources, regulate mountain torrents and gradually establish a virtuous ecological cycle .