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[目的]探讨逆行输尿管软镜碎石术(RIRS)治疗结石直径≤2 cm 肾结石的疗效与安全性.[方法]回顾性分析 2015 年1 月至2019 年1 月本院收治的245 例结石直径≤2 cm肾结石患者的临床资料,根据手术方法的不同将其分为 RIRS组(n ＝122)和 PCNL组(n ＝123).比较两组手术相关指标、结石找到率、一周清除率、最终结石清除率及并发症发生率.[结果]RIRS组平均手术时间、术后平均住院时间短于PCNL组,平均碎石时间长于PCNL组,差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.05).RIRS组一周结石清除率低于PCNL 组,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05).两组结石找到率、最终结石清除率差异无统计学意义(P ＞0.05).RIRS组术后并发症发生率为 5.74%(7／122)低于 PCNL 组的 23.58%(29／123),差异有统计学意义(χ2＝5.942,P ＝0.021＜0.05).[结论]RIRS治疗≤2 cm肾结石基本可达到 PCNL相同的疗效,但安全性显著高于PCNL,可作为治疗结石直径≤2 cm肾结石的手术方法.“,”[Objective]To investigate the efficacy and safety of retrograde ureteroscopic lithotripsy (RIRS) in the treatment of renal calculi with diameter less than or equal to 2 cm.[Methods]From January 2015 to January 2019,245 cases of renal calculi with diameter less than or equal to 2 cm were analyzed retrospectively. According to the different operation methods,they were divided into the RIRS group (n＝122)and the PCNL group (n＝123).The operation related indexes,stone finding rate,one week clearance rate,final stone clearance rate and complication rate were compared between the two groups.[Results]The average operation time and postoperative hospitalization time of the RIRS group were shorter than that of the PCNL group,and the average lithotripsy time was longer than that of the PCNL group (P ＜0.05).One week stone clearance rate of the RRIS group was lower than that of the PCNL group (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in stone finding rate and final stone clearance rate (P ＞0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications in RIRS group was 5.74%(7／122)lower than that in PCNL group (23.58%) (29／123),the difference was statistically significant (χ2＝5.942,P ＝0.021＜0.05).[Conclusion]RIRS can achieve the same effect as PCNL in the treatment of renal calculi≤ 2 cm,but its safety is significantly higher than PCNL.It can be used as a surgical method for the treatment of renal calculi ≤ 2 cm in diameter.