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目的:调查研究蚌埠地区0～5岁儿童出生缺陷的发生水平,分析出生缺陷的分布、危险因素和流行病学特征,为政府提供制订出生缺陷干预措施和对策的依据。方法:选用现况调查的流行病学方法,整群随机抽取蚌埠地区3县5区102个样本点,2001年7月1日0时～2006年6月30日24时出生的婴幼儿,包括在此期间的死胎、死产、出生死亡及病理性引流产等进行全面回顾性调查研究。结果:调查地区出生缺陷发病率为52.88‰;发生出生缺陷前5位的为血管瘤、先天性心脏病、先天性脑积水、色素痣、副耳畸形;出生缺陷有逐年上升的趋势;家庭环境有化工污染出生缺陷发生率明显高于无化工污染(P<0.01);男孩的出生缺陷发生率明显高于女孩(P<0.01);生育年龄25～29岁出生缺陷发生率最低,而<25岁或>35岁的出生缺陷发生率较高;农村出生缺陷发生率明显高于城市(P<0.01)。结论:本地区出生缺陷的分布特点是农村高于城市,男孩高于女孩。家庭环境有化工污染、孕产妇年龄等是出生缺陷发生的危险因素。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of birth defects in children aged 0 ~ 5 in Bengbu, analyze the distribution, risk factors and epidemiological characteristics of birth defects, and provide the government with the basis for preparing interventions and countermeasures for birth defects. Methods: Epidemiological methods were used to select the infants who were born in 102 counties and 5 districts of Bengbu at 0 o’clock on July 1, 2001 and at 24 o’clock on June 30, 2006, including During this period of stillbirth, stillbirth, birth and death and pathological drainage and so on a comprehensive retrospective investigation. Results: The incidence of birth defects in the survey area was 52.88 ‰. The top 5 birth defects were hemangiomas, congenital heart disease, congenital hydrocephalus, pigmented nevus and collateral ear malformations. Birth defects tended to increase year by year. Families (P <0.01). The incidence of birth defects in boys was significantly higher than that in girls (P <0.01), and the incidence of birth defects was the lowest in children aged 25-29 years while the incidence of birth defects was < The incidence of birth defects was higher in 25- or 35-year-olds; the incidence of birth defects in rural areas was significantly higher than that in cities (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: The distribution of birth defects in the region is higher in rural areas than in urban areas and higher in boys than girls. Family environment chemical pollution, maternal age is a risk factor for birth defects.