历史研究的理论—方法论影响着对研究对象的选择,对历史进程推动力、发展机制和方向的解释。20世纪80年代后半期苏联社会—政治变革直接影响了专业史学家的历史认知,导致了史学危机。虽然对危机发生的原因、克服的手段未能达到共识,但俄国史学家公认史学危机是理论—方法论的危 The theory of historical research - methodology influences the choice of subjects, the explanation of the driving force of the historical process, the development mechanism and direction. The socio-political transformation of the Soviet Union in the latter half of the 1980s directly affected the historical cognition of professional historians and led to the crisis of historiography. Although the reasons for the crisis, the means to overcome failed to reach a consensus, the Russian historians recognized historiography crisis is the theory - the risk of methodology