Ⅰ引論 從应用的观点來看,金属的机械性能例如强度可以說是它的最重要的性質。冶金上絕大多數的處理例如加工处理和加热處理,它的目的都是去控制和改善金属或合金的機械性能。但是從物理學的观点來看,我們對于金屬的這些機械性能的了解實在是太少了,這个领域可以說是金屬物理學中最脆弱的一个部門,亟需要物理學工作者來努力發掘和开展。 I. INTRODUCTION From an application standpoint, the mechanical properties of a metal, such as strength, can be said to be its most important property. Metallurgical most of the processing such as processing and heat treatment, its purpose is to control and improve the mechanical properties of metals or alloys. But from a physical point of view, we know too little about these mechanical properties of metals, which can be arguably one of the most vulnerable parts of metal physics, and urgently need the efforts of physicists to discover and Carry out.