多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)是中枢神经系统中最常见的慢性炎症性疾病~([1]),其病理变化与临床表现复杂多样,早期诊断对于患者的治疗及预后有着积极的临床意义。传统的扩散加权成像可以追踪炎症、病灶的数量和体积等,但不能检出具体的组织病理状态如轴突丧失、Wallerian变 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease in the central nervous system. [1] The pathological changes and clinical manifestations are complex and diverse. Early diagnosis has positive clinical significance for the treatment and prognosis of patients . Traditional diffusion-weighted imaging can track inflammation, the number and volume of lesions, but can not detect specific histopathological conditions such as axonal loss, Wallerian change