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目的了解北京市中小学生在家庭中伤害发生的情况,为指导家长开展儿童伤害预防工作提供参考。方法采用横断面回顾性调查的方法,于2012年9月在北京市16个区县抽取104所中小学校16 680名在校中小学生,调查2011—2012学年学生伤害发生情况,分析学生在家庭环境中发生伤害的主要类型、严重程度和愈后处理等。结果北京市中小学生共发生2 146人次伤害,在家中发生的伤害共509人次,占伤害总例数的23.72%,家庭伤害发生率为3.05%,城区为2.89%,郊区为3.16%;男生为3.12%,女生为2.99%,城郊、性别差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。家中发生的509人次伤害中,跌倒/坠落伤排在伤害类型的第1位(占36.94%);伤害发生时学生从事活动排第1位的是休闲娱乐(占27.90%);受伤部位排第1位的是手部/脚部(含腕、踝),占43.03%。受伤后61.69%到医院/校医室就诊,5.30%住院治疗;平均每人次伤害造成学生休息3.94 d,缺课1.08 d。结论家庭是中小学生伤害发生的主要场所之一,家庭环境下儿童伤害的发生有其独特的流行特征,家庭伤害应以预防跌倒/坠落伤为主。
Objective To understand the situation of primary and secondary school students’ injuries in their families in Beijing and provide reference for parents to carry out child injury prevention. Methods By means of cross-sectional retrospective survey, 16 680 primary and secondary school students from 104 primary and secondary schools in 16 districts and counties of Beijing were surveyed in September 2012 to investigate the occurrence of student injuries in 2011-2012 school year and analyze the impact of students in family environment In the main types of injuries, the severity and healing and so on. Results A total of 2 146 injuries were caused to primary and secondary school students in Beijing. A total of 509 injuries occurred at home, accounting for 23.72% of the total number of injuries. The incidence of family injuries was 3.05%, in urban areas was 2.89% and in rural areas was 3.16% 3.12% and 2.99% girls, respectively. There was no significant difference in suburban and gender (P> 0.05). Among the 509 injuries that occurred in the home, the fall / fall wound ranked No. 1 (36.94%) in injury type; recreational activity ranked No. 1 in student activities (27.90%); injuries ranked The first is the hand / foot (including wrist, ankle), accounting for 43.03%. 61.69% after injury to the hospital / school medical treatment, 5.30% hospitalization; the average per student injury caused by the student to rest 3.94 d, missing class 1.08 d. Conclusion Family is one of the main places for primary and secondary school students to suffer injuries. The occurrence of child injuries in family environment has its own unique epidemic characteristics. Family injuries should be mainly based on the prevention of falling / falling injuries.