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目的:研究运动训练和高脂膳食两种因素对雄性大鼠生长发育过程中及成年后脂肪细胞数目的影响。方法:4周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为普通饮食和高脂膳食两组,每组再分两个亚组:安静组和运动组,即普通饮食安静组(C组),普通饮食运动组(E组),高脂膳食安静组(H组)和高脂膳食运动组(HE组)。采用游泳运动,每次60分钟开始,递增至90分钟,3次/周。分别在干预4周、8周、12周后取材,完整剥离内脏脂肪组织,制备石蜡切片,测定脂肪细胞直径,计算脂肪细胞总数。结果:①4周时,HE组内脏脂肪组织重量显著高于E组;8周时,E组显著低于C组;12周时,H组高于C组和HE组,E组显著低于C组和HE组。8周和12周时,各组内脏脂肪重量均显著高于其对应4周组;12周时,除E组外,其它3组均高于其对应8周组。②4周时,H组内脏脂肪细胞直径大于C组和HE组;8周时,H组大于C组;12周时,E组小于C组和HE组,HE组小于H组。8周和12周时各组内脏脂肪细胞体积均大于4周时,12周时C组、H组和HE组均大于8周时。③4周时,各组间大鼠内脏脂肪细胞数目差异均无统计学意义;8周时,E组小于C组和HE组;12周时,H组大于C组和HE组。C组8周时大于4周时;H组12周时大于4周和8周时。以上差异均具有统计学意义,P<0.05或P<0.01。结论:高脂膳食提高雄性大鼠发育期脂肪细胞数目,运动训练可减弱高脂膳食提高脂肪细胞数目的作用。
Objective: To study the effects of exercise training and high-fat diet on the number of adipocytes during and after growth in male rats. Methods: Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal diet group and high-fat diet group, each subdivided into two subgroups: the quiet group and the exercise group, namely, the normal diet quiet group (C group) (Group E), high-fat diet quiet group (group H) and high fat diet group (group HE). Swim using 60 minutes each time, increasing to 90 minutes, 3 times / week. The rats were sacrificed at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after the intervention. The visceral adipose tissue was completely peeled off to prepare paraffin sections. The diameter of adipocytes was measured and the total number of fat cells was calculated. At 4 weeks, the weight of visceral adipose tissue in HE group was significantly higher than that in E group. At 8 weeks, E group was significantly lower than C group. At 12 weeks, H group was higher than C group and HE group, E group was significantly lower than C Group and HE group. At 8 weeks and 12 weeks, the weight of visceral fat in each group was significantly higher than that of the corresponding 4 weeks group. At 12 weeks, except for group E, the other 3 groups were higher than the corresponding 8 weeks group. At 4 weeks, the diameter of visceral adipocytes in H group was larger than those in C and HE groups. At 8 weeks, H group was larger than C group. At 12 weeks, E group was smaller than C group and HE group. At 8 weeks and 12 weeks, the visceral adipocytes volume of each group was greater than 4 weeks. At 12 weeks, the volume of visceral adipocytes in groups C, H and HE were both greater than 8 weeks. At 4 weeks, there were no significant differences in the number of visceral adipocytes between groups. At 8 weeks, group E was smaller than group C and HE. At 12 weeks, group H was larger than group C and HE. Group C was greater than 4 weeks at 8 weeks; Group H was greater than 4 weeks and 8 weeks at 12 weeks. The above differences were statistically significant, P <0.05 or P <0.01. Conclusion: High-fat diet can increase the number of adipocytes during the development of male rats, and exercise training can reduce the effect of high-fat diet on the number of fat cells.