从18世纪末到20世纪的语言学发展来看,历史比较语言学的建立使语言学成为一门独立的科学。20世纪索绪尔的《普通语言学教程》的出版标志着结构主义的开始。结构主义语言学使语言学成为一门系统科学,从而使语言的研究进入了现代语言学阶段。20世纪50年代转换生成理论取代结构主义成为语言学研究的主流。乔姆斯基的《句法结构》发表,标志着生成语言学的诞生,使语言学的研究进入了新的阶段。本文主要就后两者展开分析。 Judging from the development of linguistics from the late 18th century to the 20th century, the establishment of historical comparative linguistics made linguistics an independent science. The publication of Saussure’s “General Linguistics Course” in the 20th century marks the beginning of structuralism. Structuralist linguistics makes linguistics a systematic science, so that the study of language has entered the stage of modern linguistics. Transformational generation in the 1950s replaced structuralism as the mainstream of linguistic research. Chomsky’s “syntactic structure” is published, marking the birth of generative linguistics, the study of linguistics has entered a new phase. This article mainly analyzes the latter two.