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在全球价值链分工的条件下,国际贸易对一国经济发展的作用不仅没有下降,而且在进一步提升。一方面,参与价值链分工成为一国融入世界生产体系的必然途径;另一方面,国际贸易又是“全球生产”得以顺利进行的重要保障。不能仅从宏观经济恒等式出发简单得出贸易“负贡献”的结论;中国作为经济快速增长的制造业出口大国,在特定时期出现贸易顺差有其客观必然性;不能将外需和内需割裂开来,我国经济发展的阶段性特征,决定了对外贸易仍然是促进中国经济发展的重要动力。应该从全球价值链分工的视角,来谋划开放型经济的转型升级。要全面融入全球生产体系,促进价值链升级,推进产业政策和贸易政策的融合,积极开展对外投资,努力实现与世界的互利共赢。
Under the conditions of the division of labor in the global value chain, the role of international trade in the economic development of a country has not only declined, but also further improved. On the one hand, participating in the division of labor in the value chain has become the inevitable way for a country to integrate into the world’s production system. On the other hand, international trade is an important guarantee for the smooth progress of “global production ”. We can not simply conclude from the perspective of macroeconomic identities that trade is “negatively contributing.” As an export-oriented manufacturing country with a rapidly growing economy, there is an objective necessity that a trade surplus will occur in a given period of time. China can not be separated from external demand and domestic demand The stage characteristics of China’s economic development have determined that foreign trade will remain an important driving force for promoting China’s economic development. From the perspective of division of labor in the global value chain, we should plan the transformation and upgrading of an open economy. It is necessary to fully integrate itself into the global production system, promote the upgrading of the value chain, promote the integration of industrial policies and trade policies, actively carry out foreign investment and strive to achieve mutual benefits and win-win results with the rest of the world.