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目的掌握邢台市儿童HIV感染状况。方法对2000-2011年邢台市检出的109例具有母婴传播危险因素HIV阳性育龄妇女及其所生的155例子女进行流行病学调查,并采集血样进行HIV抗体检测。结果 155例子女中,检出儿童HIV感染者48例。母婴传播感染率为30.1%(48/155)。155例中有母乳喂养史119例,检出HIV感染43例,母乳喂养感染率为36.1%(43/119)。存在单纯母乳喂养因素和宫内、分娩、母乳3个因素的感染率分别为36.8%(32/87)、34.4%(11/32);人工喂养感染率为13.9%(5/36)。存在母乳喂养因素的母婴传播组HIV感染率36.1%(43/119)显著高于人工喂养的母婴传播组13.9%(5/36)。儿童HIV感染者年龄以6~12岁为主,占83.3%;感染者主要分布在沙河市40例,占83.3%;母乳喂养为主要感染途径,占感染者总数的89.6%(43/48);母乳喂养时间较长,平均2周岁;导致艾滋病儿童死亡直接原因分别为多器官功能衰竭、呼吸衰竭、脑水肿。结论母乳喂养是邢台市儿童感染HIV的主要途径。
Objective To understand the status of HIV infection in Xingtai children. Methods A total of 109 HIV-positive women of childbearing age and their 155 children born from Xingtai City from 2000 to 2011 were investigated by epidemiology. Blood samples were collected for HIV antibody testing. Results Of the 155 female children, 48 children with HIV were detected. The rate of mother-to-child transmission was 30.1% (48/155). Among 155 cases, there were 119 cases of breastfeeding in history, 43 cases of HIV infection were detected, and breastfeeding infection rate was 36.1% (43/119). The prevalence rates of breastfeeding, uterine delivery, delivery and breast milk were 36.8% (32/87) and 34.4% (11/32), respectively. The infection rate of artificial feeding was 13.9% (5/36). HIV prevalence in mother-to-child transmission groups with breastfeeding factors was 36.1% (43/119) significantly higher than that of artificially-fed mother-to-child transmission groups (13.9% (5/36)). The age of HIV-infected children was 6 to 12 years old, accounting for 83.3%. Infection was mainly distributed in Shahe City, 40 cases, accounting for 83.3%; breastfeeding as the main route of infection, accounting for 89.6% (43/48) ; Breastfeeding takes a long time, with an average of 2 years of age; the direct causes of death caused by AIDS are multiple organ failure, respiratory failure, cerebral edema. Conclusion Breastfeeding is the main way of HIV infection in Xingtai children.