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美国教师终身教职制度历经近百年的发展,在一定程度上发挥了保障教师职业的作用,但又因不利于解聘不合格教师而备受责难。近年来,美国掀起了改革教师终身教职制度的热潮,形成了取消教师终身教职制度和完善教师终身教职制度两种改革动向,但后一种动向居于主导地位。为完善教师终身教职制度,研究者建议:要避免不合格教师取得终身教职资格;简化和完善教师解聘程序;为续聘教师提供多年合同;为无过错的低效能教师提供离职补偿。
After nearly a hundred years of development, the tenured faculty system in the United States has played a role in safeguarding the profession of teachers to a certain extent, but has been censured for not being able to dismiss unqualified teachers. In recent years, the United States has set off a wave of reforms in the tenure system of teachers’ tenure and has formed two types of reforms, namely, the system of eliminating the tenure of teachers for tenure and the system of tenure of tenure of teachers. However, the latter trend has dominance. In order to improve the tenure system of teachers, the researchers suggest that we should avoid ineligible teachers obtaining lifelong qualifications, simplify and improve teacher dismissal procedures, provide multi-year contracts for the re-employment of teachers, and provide separation compensation to non-faultless and inefficient teachers.