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现代历史学科面临的普遍困境之一,是伴随着传统世界的解体,植基于实质性原则的宇宙观宣告崩溃,历史事实与价值诠释不复符节相合,对历史事实的认知遂聚讼纷纭,莫衷一是。兰克史学和社会史延续着启蒙运动以来对历史乐观的价值取向,珍视从历史事实出发的研究路径;而以新文化史为主的后现代主义史学则通过挖掘历史事实背后的话语和权力,瓦解了历史事实的客观性和历史价值诠释的可靠性,历史学遂受到价值主观主义强烈冲击,呈现出某种“碎片化”的趋向。但是后现代主义史学的阐释却并未脱离“事实与价值”的牵绊,历史学的碎片化不仅体现了“学术精密化”的时代要求,更展示着人性解放的时代精神。
One of the common predicaments faced by modern history is that with the disintegration of the traditional world, the declaration of the cosmos based on substantive principles collapses, the historical facts and the interpretation of values no longer coincide, and the cognition of historical facts has divergent conciliation . The historical and social history of Lenk continues the value orientation of optimism towards history since the Enlightenment and values the research path proceeding from historical facts. The postmodernist historiography mainly based on the new cultural history, by excavating the discourse and power behind historical facts, Disintegrating the objectivity of historical facts and the reliability of historical value interpretation, history has been strongly impacted by the subjectivism of values and has shown some tendency of “fragmentation.” However, the explanation of the postmodernist historiography has not been divorced from the fact and the value. The fragmentation of the history not only reflects the requirements of the era of academic sophistication but also shows the spirit of the times of human liberation.