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(一)抗病毒感染药物选择性地作用于病毒尤其是疱疹病毒的药物近十年来有所发展。这些药物可作用于特殊靶点,如掺入感染细胞的 DNA 中或作用于细胞中特异性酶系等;或对病毒繁殖途径,包括吸附、穿入、脱衣、复制、蛋白合成、装配等,有阻抑作用。1、阻止病毒进入细胞内的药物如金钢烷胺(amantadine)金钢烷乙胺(rimantadine)等,该组药物能改变膜表面电荷而阻止病毒穿入细胞;临床上对预防甲型流感有一定疗效但具一定毒性。2、阻止病毒基因组核酸复制的药物如碘苷(idoxuridine)阿糖胞苷(Ara—C)、阿糖腺昔(Ara—A)、羟乙氧甲基鸟嘌呤(acyclcvir)等。这些药物在体内磷酸化成一磷酸、双磷酸及三磷酸衍生物,抑制 DNA 多聚过程。碘苷和 Ara—C 的毒性均较强,前者仅供局部应用。Ara—A 代表病毒化疗的重要进展,毒性较低,可用以治疗疱疹性脑炎。Acyclovir可抑制单纯疱疹病毒1、2两型(HSV_(1·2)和传染性单核细胞增多症病毒(EBV),是临床试用阶段的有希望药物,毒性也较小。Ara—A(与干扰素合用)和 Acyclovir 均曾试用于慢性乙型肝炎病例。
(A) Antiviral Drugs Drugs that selectively act on viruses, especially herpes viruses, have evolved over the past decade. These drugs can act on specific targets, such as DNA into infected cells or act on cell-specific enzymes, etc .; or on viral propagation pathways including adsorption, penetration, striping, replication, protein synthesis, assembly, Has a repressive effect. 1, drugs to prevent the virus from entering the cells such as amantadine (amantadine) rimantadine (rimantadine), the group of drugs can change the membrane surface charges and prevent the virus into the cells; clinical prevention of influenza A Certain effect but with certain toxicity. 2, drugs that prevent the replication of the viral genome nucleic acid such as idoxuridine Ara-C, Ara-A, acyclcvir and the like. These drugs are phosphorylated in vivo into monophosphate, diphosphate, and triphosphate derivatives that inhibit DNA polymerization. Iodoside and Ara-C are more toxic, the former is only for topical application. Ara-A represents an important advance in viral chemotherapy with low toxicity and can be used to treat herpes encephalitis. Acyclovir inhibits herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV_ (1.2) and infectious mononucleosis virus (EBV) and is a promising drug in clinical trials with less toxicity. Ara-A Interferon) and Acyclovir have been tried in chronic hepatitis B cases.